PrEP: pre-exposure prophylaxis

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is medication taken by HIV-negative people to protect themselves from HIV infection. It is one of the most important advances in HIV prevention of recent years.

How it works

PrEP contains antiretroviral drugs that, when present in the body, stop HIV from establishing itself and multiplying if an exposure occurs. In effect, it raises a barrier before the virus can cause an infection.

Taken correctly and consistently, PrEP reduces the risk of sexual transmission by more than 90%.

Who should take PrEP

PrEP is recommended for HIV-negative people at higher risk, for example:

• partners of people with HIV who do not yet have an undetectable viral load;
• people with multiple sexual partners or partners of unknown status;
• people who do not consistently use condoms in risk situations;
• people who inject drugs.

How it is taken

• Daily — one pill every day is the standard regimen;
• "On demand" — in some cases and for certain groups, under medical guidance.

PrEP becomes fully effective after a few days of use, depending on the type of exposure. Your doctor will explain the right regimen.

Monitoring

PrEP is taken under medical supervision. Before starting, an HIV test is done (PrEP is only for HIV-negative people). While on PrEP you will need:

• regular HIV testing (usually every 3 months);
• kidney-function checks;
• testing for other sexually transmitted infections.

What PrEP does not do

PrEP protects against HIV but does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy. That is why combining it with condoms is still recommended.

PrEP vs. PEP

• PrEP is taken before exposure, continuously, for prevention;
• PEP is taken after a possible exposure, as an emergency, within 72 hours.

Talk to a specialist about whether PrEP is right for you. See also the Prevention page.