Key populations

In any HIV epidemic, certain groups are affected disproportionately — not because of who they are, but because of specific risks and barriers to accessing services. These are called "key populations". The services described below are confidential, free and non-judgemental.

Why a tailored approach matters

Stigma, discrimination and fear of being judged stop many people from testing or seeking help. That is why services for key populations are built on the principles of respect, confidentiality and non-discrimination.

People who inject drugs

The main risk comes from sharing injecting equipment. Available services:

• needle-exchange programmes — sterile needles and syringes, free of charge;
• substitution therapy (methadone) to reduce injecting;
• HIV and hepatitis testing, counselling and referral to treatment.

See also Prevention.

Men who have sex with men

Friendly, non-discriminatory services:

• confidential and anonymous testing;
• access to PrEP and condoms;
• counselling and community support.

Sex workers

• confidential health services, including regular testing;
• free condoms and lubricant;
• legal assistance and protection from violence and discrimination.

People in detention

The prison system provides:

• access to HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment;
• prevention and harm-reduction programmes;
• continuity of treatment after release.

Young people and adolescents

• age-appropriate health education;
• confidential testing — in many cases counselling does not require parental consent;
• information about prevention, relationships and sexual health.

Migrants and partners of people with HIV

These groups may need specific information about accessing services, continuity of treatment and prevention within a couple (including PrEP and U=U).

Rights and dignity

Every person, regardless of group, has the right to health, confidentiality and dignified treatment. Discrimination in health services is prohibited. If you face barriers, the organisations on the Services page can support you.