HIV and tuberculosis (TB)

Why tuberculosis is dangerous for people with HIV, and how both can be prevented and treated.

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are closely linked. TB is one of the most common serious infections in people with HIV, but it can be prevented and treated. This page explains the link and what you can do.

Why HIV and TB go together

HIV weakens the immune system, and a weakened immune system can no longer keep the tuberculosis bacterium in check. That is why a person with HIV is at much greater risk:

of developing active TB if infected with the bacterium;
of more severe forms of the disease.

In turn, TB can speed up the progression of HIV. For this reason, the two are managed together.

TB symptoms to watch for

a persistent cough (often more than two weeks);
fever and night sweats;
weight loss;
fatigue.

If you have HIV and these symptoms appear, see your doctor for assessment.

Prevention

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) strengthens the immune system and significantly reduces TB risk;
Regular TB screening for people with HIV;
Preventive TB treatment, recommended in certain cases by your doctor;
Ventilating spaces and hygiene measures reduce transmission.

Treatment

Both TB and HIV can be treated effectively, often at the same time, under medical supervision. Adherence to both treatments is essential — taking all medicines, as prescribed, for the full recommended period. Incomplete TB treatment can lead to resistant forms that are harder to treat.

The key message

If you have HIV, ask about TB screening and start ART. If you have TB, take an HIV test. Treated together and in time, both can be controlled. See the Living with HIV and Services pages.